Purpose Based on preliminary research findings a rise in chemokines and cytokines (CXCL-1 and 10 nerve development aspect and interleukin-6) is known as responsible for irritation and afferent sensitization. individual cytokine/chemokine assay. Nerve development factor was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Outcomes Urinary levels of most chemokines/cytokines were tenfold to 100-fold lower in asymptomatic controls… Continue reading Purpose Based on preliminary research findings a rise in chemokines and