The purpose of this study was to establish an acid-etching procedure for altering the Ca/P ratio of the nanostructured surface of hydroxyapatite (HAP) by using surface chemical and morphological analyses (XPS, XRD, SEM, surface roughness, and wettability) and to evaluate the response of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) to the altered surfaces. accelerate the initial adhesion,… Continue reading The purpose of this study was to establish an acid-etching procedure